Differences and similarities between different models of an atom.
Comparison of three models of atom are as follow:
Thomson’s atomic model:
1. An atom consists of a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.
2. The negative and positive charges present inside an atom are equal in magnitude. Therefore, an atom as a whole is electrically neutral. Thomson’s model of the atom is also known as the plum pudding model.
Rutherford atomic model:
1. All protons are present inside the nucleus, which is situated at the center of the atom.
2. Electrons reside outside the nucleus and revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.
3. The size of the nucleus is very small in comparison to the size of an atom. As per Rutherford’s calculations, the size of the nucleus is 105 times smaller than an atom.
4. As the mass of the electron is negligible in comparison to the mass of the proton, almost all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
Bohr's model of electron:
1. Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons are allowed inside the atom.
2. While revolving in discrete orbits, the electrons do not radiate energy.
Bohr named these orbits as energy levels. These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K, L, M, N…, or the numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4…etc.
Comparison of three models of atom are as follow:
Thomson’s atomic model:
1. An atom consists of a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.
2. The negative and positive charges present inside an atom are equal in magnitude. Therefore, an atom as a whole is electrically neutral. Thomson’s model of the atom is also known as the plum pudding model.
Rutherford atomic model:
1. All protons are present inside the nucleus, which is situated at the center of the atom.
2. Electrons reside outside the nucleus and revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.
3. The size of the nucleus is very small in comparison to the size of an atom. As per Rutherford’s calculations, the size of the nucleus is 105 times smaller than an atom.
4. As the mass of the electron is negligible in comparison to the mass of the proton, almost all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
Bohr's model of electron:
1. Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons are allowed inside the atom.
2. While revolving in discrete orbits, the electrons do not radiate energy.
Bohr named these orbits as energy levels. These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K, L, M, N…, or the numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4…etc.
