Differentiate between afferent and efferent arteriole. [4 MARKS]

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Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole

1. Formed by the branching of the renal artery. 1. Formed by the fusing of glomerular capillaries.

2. It is twice as thick as the efferent arteriole. 2. Its diameter is two times narrower than that of the afferent arteriole.

3. Brings oxygenated blood to the kidney. 3. Carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney.

4. It brings in blood which contains large amounts of water and nitrogenous metabolic wastes. 4. It carries away blood that is relatively thicker and free of toxic wastes.

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Assertion [A]: The rate of glomerular filtration is high.

Reason [R]: The diameter of the afferent arteriole is smaller than that of the efferent arteriole.

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Afferent arteriole	Efferent arteriole
1. Formed by the branching of the renal artery.	1. Formed by the fusing of glomerular capillaries.
2. It is twice as thick as the efferent arteriole.	2. Its diameter is two times narrower than that of the afferent arteriole.
3. Brings oxygenated blood to the kidney.	3. Carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney.
4. It brings in blood which contains large amounts of water and nitrogenous metabolic wastes.	4. It carries away blood that is relatively thicker and free of toxic wastes.