Question

Differentiate between Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus.

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus:

It is a condition where insulin levels become insufficient to regulate blood sugar level, as a result, glucose level increases in the body and also gets accumulated in the urine.

Diabetes insipidus:

It is a condition caused by the deficiency of a posterior pituitary hormone called vasopressin (ADH), where a person tends to urinate a lot and often feel thirsty.

Difference parameter	Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes insipidus
Cause	It is caused by lower secretions of insulin by beta cells.	It is caused by a deficiency of vasopressin (ADH)
Symptom	High blood sugar level, fatigue, weight loss, etc.	Severely dilute urination, feeling of thirst, etc.
Glucose concentration	It becomes higher in the body.	No such high concentration of glucose is observed.
Urine	Urine also contains glucose.	Urine does not contain glucose. It is diluted.
Metabolism	Failure in the metabolism of sugars and starch is observed.	It has nothing to do with the metabolism of sugars and starch.