Question

Differentiate between the following:

Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus

Answer 1

1. Diabetes mellitus:

1. It is a disease that is caused due to lack of insulin produced by $\beta$cells of Pancreatic that controls the amount and uptake of sugar in body.
2. Two types of diabetes mellitus such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and diabetes mellitus type 2 are found.
3. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is also known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(IDDM) while diabetes mellitus type 2 is considered as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(NIDDM).

2. Diabetes insipidus:

1. It is a disorder caused due to failure of secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the producedposterior pituitary.
2. ADH acts on distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of nephrons that further causes conditional reabsorption of water, that produces hypertonic urine.

Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes insipidus
1. It is due to deficiency or hyposecretion of insulin produced by $\beta$cells of Pancreatic islets.	1. It is due to failure of secretion of antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
2. Excretion of sugar (glucose) through urine.	2. Large volume of dilute urine is excreted out and contains no sugar.
3. Blood sugar increases.	3. No increase in blood sugar level.
4. It is commonly called Diabetes.	4. It is also known as Drinker’s disease.
5. Symptoms are feeling produced extremely thirsty and excessive urine production.	5. Symptoms are thirst, excretion of large amounts of urine, and dehydration.
6. It is a pancreatic disorder.	6. It is a hypothalamic disorder.
7. Ketone formation occurs.	7. No ketone formation occurs.
8.Excetion of sugar in urine occurs.	8. No sugar is excreted in the urine.
9. Level of Cholesterol increases in the blood.	9. Level of Cholesterol is normal in the blood.
10. Excessive amount of urine is discharged.	10. Enormous amount of urine is discharged compared to diabetes mellitus.