Differentiate between distillation and fractional distillation.

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Solution

Distillation Fractional distillation
It is used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids by using the process of evaporation and condensation. It is used to separate different miscible liquids from a mixture of liquids by heating the mixture to different boiling points of the liquids.
Can also be used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid and also two liquids having significant difference in boiling points. Mostly used to separate liquid-liquid mixtures.
Apparatus is a simple distillation flask. Apparatus is more complex with a fractionating column attached to the distillation flask.
Example: obtaining pure water and salt from sea water Example: separating the components like petrol, diesel from crude oil.

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Distillation	Fractional distillation
It is used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids by using the process of evaporation and condensation.	It is used to separate different miscible liquids from a mixture of liquids by heating the mixture to different boiling points of the liquids.
Can also be used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid and also two liquids having significant difference in boiling points.	Mostly used to separate liquid-liquid mixtures.
Apparatus is a simple distillation flask.	Apparatus is more complex with a fractionating column attached to the distillation flask.
Example: obtaining pure water and salt from sea water	Example: separating the components like petrol, diesel from crude oil.