Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in brackets :
(i) Photolysis and Photophosphorylation. (Definition)
(ii) Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve. (Function)
(iii) Vasectomy and Tubectomy. (Explain)
(iv) Cerebrum and Spinal cord. (Arrangement of nerve cells)
(v) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule. (Parts included)

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Solution

(i) Photolysis: Splitting of water in the presence of sunlight by activated photosynthetic pigments.
Phosphorylation: Formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the utilization of energy released by electrons emitted due to photolysis of water.
(ii) Bicuspid Valve: It closes the opening of auriculo-ventricular valves when blood rushes from left auricle into the left ventricle.
Tricuspid Valve: It closes the opening of auriculo-ventricular valves when blood rushes from right atrium to right ventricle.
(iii) Vasectomy: (a) Sterilization strategy in males.
(b) Surgical cutting of vasa deferens of the males and ligation of cut ends for control of fertility.
Tubectomy: (a) Sterilization strategy in females.
(b) Surgical cutting of fallopian tubes of a woman and ligation of cut ends to control fertility.
(iv) Cerebrum: Grey matter is found on the outer side contains cell bodies of the neurons whereas white matter remains towards the inner side which mainly contains the axons (nerve fibre) of the neuron.
Spinal Cord: White matter lies towards the outer side contains the cell body of the motor (efferent and association neuron) while the grey matter remains towards inner side contains axons.
(v) Bowman's Capsule: It is a cup-shaped structure which indicates beginning of nephron, made up of two layers outer and inner.
Malpighian Capsule: It comprises glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

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