1
Question
Differentiate between the followings
(a) Repetitive DNA and satellite DNA
(b) mRNA and t RNA
(c) Template strand and coding strand
Differentiate between the followings
(a) Repetitive DNA and satellite DNA
(b) mRNA and t RNA
(c) Template strand and coding strand
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Solution
Repetitive DNA Satellite DNA In some specific regions in a DNA sequence, a small stretch of DNA is repeated many times. This is called repetitive DNA. This DNA is separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. During density gradient centrifugation, the bulk DNA forms a major peak and the other small peaks are called satellite DNA. Depending on the base composition, length of segment and number of repetitive units, these may be micro-satellites and mini-satellites. These sequences do not code for any protein, but they form a large portion of the human genome.
mRNA tRNA It is formed by the DNA template in the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm within two subunits of ribosomes. It forms about 5-10% of the total RNA in a cell. It carries codons which serve as a message tape to be decoded into a protein. It is an adapter molecule which picks up activated amino acid from the cytoplasm and supplies it to m-RNA in a ribosome according to the message expressed in the form of a codon. It is soluble RNA and constitutes about 10-12% of the total RNA in the cell cytoplasm.
(c) Differences between template strand and coding stand
S.N.Template StrandCoding Strand 1.It is the strand which is transcribed intoIt has the same sequence as mRNA.RNA. 2.It is called anti sense strand.It is called sense or non−template strand. 3.It has 3′→5′polarityIt has 5′→3′polarity.
| Repetitive DNA | Satellite DNA |
| In some specific regions in a DNA sequence, a small stretch of DNA is repeated many times. This is called repetitive DNA. This DNA is separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. | During density gradient centrifugation, the bulk DNA forms a major peak and the other small peaks are called satellite DNA. Depending on the base composition, length of segment and number of repetitive units, these may be micro-satellites and mini-satellites. These sequences do not code for any protein, but they form a large portion of the human genome. |
| mRNA | tRNA |
| It is formed by the DNA template in the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm within two subunits of ribosomes. It forms about 5-10% of the total RNA in a cell. It carries codons which serve as a message tape to be decoded into a protein. | It is an adapter molecule which picks up activated amino acid from the cytoplasm and supplies it to m-RNA in a ribosome according to the message expressed in the form of a codon. It is soluble RNA and constitutes about 10-12% of the total RNA in the cell cytoplasm. |
(c) Differences between template strand and coding stand
S.N.Template StrandCoding Strand 1.It is the strand which is transcribed intoIt has the same sequence as mRNA.RNA. 2.It is called anti sense strand.It is called sense or non−template strand. 3.It has 3′→5′polarityIt has 5′→3′polarity.
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