Question

Discuss the structure of a cell and state the functions of the different components.

Answer 1

Cells are the basic structural units of living organisms. Generally, cells are round, spherical or elongated. Some cells are long and pointed at both ends. They exhibit spindle shape. Cells sometimes are quite long. Some are branched like the nerve cell or a neuron. The nerve cell receives and transfers messages, thereby helping to control and coordinate the working of different parts of the body.
Components of the cell are enclosed in a membrane. This membrane provides shape to the cells of plants and animals. Cell wall is an additional covering over the cell membrane in plant cells. It gives shape and rigidity to these cells.
Cell membrane: It separates the cells from their external environment. Cell membranes also protect the cell from injury.
Cytoplasm : it contains raw materials and provides the same to cell organelles for their functioning.
Nucleus: It stores genetic information in chromosomes that can be passed on to daughter cells. Nucleus controls the overall cell metabolism and other activities.
Chromosomes: These contain genes. All the hereditary information is located in the genes. Chromosomes control the cell division and cell growth.
Mitochondria : These are called powerhouse of the cell because food is oxidized inside them and energy that is liberated from its help in performing various energy requiring processes.
Vacuoles: They play an important role in cell enlargement. Vacuoles store food, waste and water.