Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process.

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Solution

Solvay process is used to prepare sodium carbonate.

When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a brine solution saturated with ammonia, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed. This sodium hydrogen carbonate is then converted to sodium carbonate.

Step 1: Brine solution is saturated with ammonia.

This ammoniated brine is filtered to remove any impurity.

Step 2: Carbon dioxide is reacted with this ammoniated brine to result in the formation of insoluble sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Step 3: The solution containing crystals of NaHCO₃ is filtered to obtain NaHCO₃.

Step 4: NaHCO₃ is heated strongly to convert it into NaHCO₃.

Step 5: To recover ammonia, the filtrate (after removing NaHCO₃) is mixed with Ca(OH)₂ and heated.

The overall reaction taking place in Solvay process is

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Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process.

(N a_{2} C O_{3})

N H_{3} + C O_{2} + H_{2} O \to N H_{4} H C O_{3}

N H_{4} H C O_{3} + N a C l \to N H_{4} C l + N a H C O_{3}

2 N a H C O_{3} Δ - \to N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2}

N a_{2} C O_{3}

N H_{3}

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