Diseases having a short term impact are called diseases and diseases having a long term impact are called diseases.

acute

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plague

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epidemic

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chronic

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Solution

The correct option is D chronic
Acute diseases occur suddenly and usually last only for a short period of time with distinct symptoms. E.g., Flu, common cold, etc. Whereas, chronic diseases last for a very long time and are sometimes incurable. They develop over a long period of time. Sometimes it takes a very long time even for the symptoms to appear. E.g., Tuberculosis, AIDS, etc.

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Diseases that stay for very short periods of time are called acute diseases.

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