Question

Distinguish between the following pairs:
(a) Fenestra rotunda and fenestra ovalis,(b) Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres (c) Grey matter and white matter,(d) Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on the heart, pupil, blood vessels and blood pressure,(e) Conduction of nerve impulse m myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres,(f) Resting potential state and action potential state

Answer 1

a)Fenestra rotunda is the round widow through which the vibrations leave the inner ear. Fenestra ovalis is the oval window which is associated with the ear ossicles in the middle ear and through which the vibrations enter the inner ear.
b)Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are part of the cholinergic nerves while alpha and beta receptors are part of the adrenergic nerves.
c)Grey matter is the collection of ganglia while the white matter consists of the axons or nerve fibers.
d) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart slows the heart rate and reduces the strength of contraction; sympathetic stimulation accelerates the heart rate and increases the strength of contraction.
e) The depolarization is consistent in the case of no-myelinated nerve fibre whereas the impulse jumps in the case of myelinated nerve fibre during saltatory conduction.
f)Resting potential is when the nerve impulse is not being conducted and the channels are closed. In action potential, the nerve impulse is conducted and the channels are open.