Question

Do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes:

1. Single-celled organisms without a proper nucleus and other organelles.
2. Examples- include bacteria, archaea, and cyanobacteria.

Eukaryotes:

1. Multicellular organisms with a proper nucleus and other essential organelles.
2. Examples are plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
3. They can be single-celled, like yeasts and algae.

Ribosomes:

1. It is a complex of RNA and protein, also known as ribonucleoprotein.
2. They are located in the cytosol of animal and plant cells.
3. They are composed of a smaller, and a larger subunit joined together by interactions between rRNA (in one subunit) and proteins (in the other subunit).
4. The mRNA binds to this complex and is decoded in the smaller subunit.
5. The amino acids get added to the larger subunit.
6. Eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes, whereas prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes.

Functions of ribosomes:

1. They produce proteins by assembling amino acids.
2. The DNA transcribes into mRNA (transcription).
3. The mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and is transported to the cytoplasm for translation (protein synthesis).
4. The ribosomal subunits in the cytoplasm bind around mRNAs, and the tRNA carries the anticodon for amino acids(coded by the mRNA).
5. The proteins produced by bound ribosomes are transported outside the cell.
6. The proteins produced in the cytoplasm are utilized in the cytosol.