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Question

Down's syndrome and Turner's Syndrome occur in human beings due to

A
Monosomic and nullisomic conditions respectively
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B
Monosomic and trisomic conditions respectively
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C
Trisomic and monosomic conditions respectively
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D
Trisomic an tetrasomic conditions respectively
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E
Nullisomic and monosomic conditions respectively
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Solution

The correct option is C Trisomic and monosomic conditions respectively
Presence of one extra chromosome than the normal chromosome number in a diploid species is known as trisomy (2n+1). Monosomy is a aneuploid condition where one homologous chromosome is missing (2n-1). Nullisomy is a aneuploid condition where one pair of homologous chromosome is missing (2n-2). Presence of one chromosome in four copies is known as tetrasomy (2n+2). Presence of full or partial extra three copies of chromosome 21 causes Down's syndrome. Hence, it is trisomy 21 and is represented as 45 +XY or 45+XX. Absence of one X-chromosome causes Turner's Syndrome which is represented as 44 +XO and is a monosomic condition.

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