Question

Draw a neat labeled diagram of animal cell.

Answer 1

Structure of animal cells:

Structure of Animal Cells:

1. Animal cells are divided into many portions, each of which contains a variety of specialized organelles that aid in carrying out the body's varied duties.
2. Animal cells typically contain the majority of the organelles listed below, although not all types of organelles are present in every animal cell.

Nucleus:

1. The major component of a cell will be the sphere-shaped nucleus, which makes up approximately 10% of the volume of a cell.
2. Most of the nuclear material will contain chromatin, which is the DNA of a cell in its unstructured form and aids in organizing it to form chromosomes during cell division or mitosis.
3. The nucleolus, an organelle for synthesis, will be found inside the nucleus.

Ribosomes:

1. Ribosomes, which are small organelles made up of roughly 60% ribosomal RNA and 40% proteins, are found in every living thing.
2. Ribosomes are much smaller than the other organelles and are not connected by any membranes.
3. Most frequently, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope are discovered to be the sites of ribosome binding.
4. It is also freely dispersed throughout the entire cytoplasm, and depending on the type of cell—a plant, animal, or bacterial cell—it will vary.
5. Here, the organelles will serve as the cell's machinery for producing proteins.
6. It will therefore be most prevalent in cells that are actively involved in protein synthesis, such as those found in the pancreas and the brain.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum:

1. In both plant and animal cells, the cytoplasm contains a collection of compressed sacs known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
2. The organelle only has one significant and intricately structured internal region, known as the lumen, because the sacs and tubules are joined to one another by a single membrane.
3. The lumen, which is also known as the endoplasmic reticulum cisternal space, frequently occupies more than 10% of the total cell volume.
4. As it is attached to the double-layered nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum membrane creates a conduit for molecules to move between the cytoplasm and lumen and the nucleus.

Vesicles:

1. Vesicles are temporary structures that are created during the secretion of molecules into or out of the cell, and they aid in the movement of materials inside the cell. They develop when an extracellular particle that is encircled by the cell membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's cell membrane is pinched.
2. Vacuoles: Vacuoles are tinier lipid-enclosed structures that typically hold water and are present in both bacteria and plants.
3. Lysosomes are a particular kind of vesicle that take part in cellular digestion.
4. Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are specialized vesicles that carry hydrogen peroxide, just as lysosomes.
5. Transport Vesicles: These tiny sacs, which are encased in a lipid bilayer, are used to move things within and outside of the cell as well as between organelles.
6. Secretory Vesicles: These are produced by the Golgi apparatus and carry things out of the cell.
7. Synaptic vesicles are specialized vesicles that are located in neurons and are responsible for storing and transporting neurotransmitter molecules.
8. Extracellular Vesicles: These are present outside of the cell and are employed for intracellular transport. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells frequently include them.
9. Gas vesicles: These are found in bacteria and provide cell buoyancy.

The Golgi Apparatus:

1. Both animal and plant cells have the Golgi Apparatus (GA), often known as a Golgi complex or Golgi body.
2. It usually consists of a succession of five to eight cisternae or membrane-covered sacs with a cup form. It will look like a pile of blown-up balloons.
3. The GA is regarded as the cell's shipping and distribution division for its chemical products.
4. It aids in the modification of the proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and gets them ready for transfer to other parts of the cell.
5. The tiny bubble-like vesicles that form from the proteins and lipids produced in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum travel through the cytoplasm until they reach the Golgi complex.

Mitochondria:

1. The rod-shaped organelles known as mitochondria are thought to be the cell's power plants because they transform oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (ATP).
2. Animals breathe oxygen because of a mechanism known as aerobic respiration that uses ATP, the chemical energy of the cell, to power its metabolic processes.
3. The quantity of mitochondria, which are typically oblong organelles with lengths between one and ten micrometers, is directly correlated with the degree of metabolic activity in the cell.

Cytosol:

1. Proteins, organelles, and other cell components float in the cytosol, which is a water-based fluid found inside cells.
2. It contains messenger molecules, ribosomes, carbohydrates, ions, amino acids, proteins, and mRNA.
3. Organelles with membranes attached float in the cytoplasm.
4. This acts as the intracellular process' medium and includes the right ions, proteins, and other components for cytosolic processes.

Cytoskeleton:

1. The cytoskeleton is a network of tubules and filaments that extends throughout a cell through the cytoplasm.
2. The cytoskeleton gives the shape of the cell, organizes the organelles, and also plays an important role in cell division, transport, and cell signaling.
3. All the cells have cytoskeletons.

Microfilaments:

1. Since they are made of the protein actin, these are also known as actin filaments.
2. Microtubules and microfilaments are two different sizes, hence these filaments, which range in width from 8 to 12 nm, are known as intermediate filaments.
3. They are composed of keratin, desmin, vimentin, lamin, and other proteins.
4. Microtubules: The biggest cytoskeleton fibres, at roughly 23 nm in size, are microtubules. They develop "tails" that propel a cell forward in the manner of flagella.

Cell Membrane:

1. The membrane that surrounds a cell and isolates the cytoplasm from its surroundings is known as the plasma membrane and is made up of a double layer of proteins and lipids.
2. It is referred to be selectively permeable since it only permits specific molecules to enter and escape.
3. It provides the cell with structure and controls how particles enter and exit the cell.
4. Phospholipids play a crucial role in the cell membrane.