The correct option is A Permafrost
Due
to the cold, the upper soil surface of the tundra region is frozen into a
rock-like state all through the year. This is called permafrost. It comprises
24% of land in Northern Hemisphere. A massive amount of carbon is found in
permafrost. Structurally, permafrost is important. Erosion, disappearance of
lakes, landslides, and ground subsidence is caused by the melting of
permafrost. It also causes changes in composition of plant species at high
altitudes.