Question

Explain briefly, micturition and disorders of the excretory system

Answer 1

Micturition:

• The process by which urine is released is called micturition. Urine is formed by nephrons and stored in the urinary bladder.
• When the bladder gets filled with urine, its walls stretch. The stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the central nervous system.
• The CNS sends a motor message to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and relaxation of the urethral sphincter. This causes the release of urine.
• The neural mechanisms resulting in micturition are called the micturition reflex.

Disorders of the excretory system:
There are several disorders of the excretory system like uremia, renal calculi, and glomerulonephritis.

Uremia :

• Uremia: Accumulation of urea in blood is called uremia. It leads to kidney failure.
• Urea present in blood can be removed by a process called hemodialysis. It is also called an artificial kidney.
• Kidney transplantation is the ultimate method to correct kidney failure.

Renal calculi:

• Renal calculi: Insoluble mass of crystallized salts formed within the kidney are known as kidney stones or renal calculi.
• Calcium oxalates are the more common type of kidney stones.

Glomerulonephritis:

Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of glomeruli is called glomerulonephritis.