Question

Explain Functioning of brain

Answer 1

Complete and exact functioning is not yet clear.Known functions of brain are explained.
The brain, along with the spinal cord, comprises the body's central nervous system. This is the major control network for the body's functions and abilities, and enables conscious communication with our body and automatic operation of vital organs.

Much of the brain's physiological task involves receiving information from the rest of the body, interpreting that information, and then guiding the body's response to it. Types of input the brain interprets include odors, light, sounds, and pain. The brain also helps perform vital operations such as breathing, maintaining blood pressure, and releasing hormones (chemical signals that control certain cells and organs).
The brain is divided into sections. These sections include the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brainstem.
Each of these parts is responsible for certain portions of the brain's overall job. The larger parts are, in turn, divided into smaller areas that handle smaller portions of the work. Different areas often share responsibility for the same task.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is responsible for memory, speech, the senses, emotional response, and more. It is divided into several sections called lobes. These lobes are referred to as the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital; each handles a specific segment of the cerebrum's jobs.
The cerebellum is below and behind the cerebrum and is attached to the brain stem. It controls motor function, the body's ability to balance, and its ability to interpret information sent to the brain by the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
The functions the brain stem governs include respiration, blood pressure, some reflexes, and the changes that happen in the body during what is called the “fight or flight” response. The brain stem is also divided into several distinct sections: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The diencephalon is inside the cerebrum above the brain stem. Its tasks include sensory function, food intake control, and the body's sleep cycle. As with the other parts of the brain, it is divided into sections. These include the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
The brain is protected from damage by several layers of defenses. Outermost are the bones of the skull. Beneath the skull are the meninges, a series of sturdy membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Inside the meninges, the brain is cushioned by fluid.
Still, the brain can suffer damage, become diseased, or malfunction. These problems may include cancer, physical injuries such as skull fractures, and ruptures of blood vessels that supply the brain.


The brain has three main parts, the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The brain is divided into regions that control specific functions.

THE CEREBRUM:
Frontal Lobe
- Behavior
- Abstract thought processes
- Problem solving
- Attention
- Creative thought
- Some emotion
- Intellect
- Reflection
- Judgment
- Initiative
- Inhibition
- Coordination of movements
- Generalized and mass movements
- Some eye movements
- Sense of smell
- Muscle movements
- Skilled movements
- Some motor skills
- Physical reaction
- Libido (sexual urges)

Occipital Lobe
- Vision
- Reading

Parietal Lobe
- Sense of touch (tactile senstation)
- Appreciation of form through touch (stereognosis)
- Response to internal stimuli (proprioception)
- Sensory combination and comprehension
- Some language and reading functions
- Some visual functions

Temporal Lobe
- Auditory memories
- Some hearing
- Visual memories
- Some vision pathways
- Other memory
- Music
- Fear
- Some language
- Some speech
- Some behavior amd emotions
- Sense of identity

Right Hemisphere (the representational hemisphere)
- The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body
- Temporal and spatial relationships
- Analyzing nonverbal information
- Communicating emotion

Left Hemisphere (the categorical hemisphere)
- The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body
- Produce and understand language

Corpus Callosum
- Communication between the left and right side of the brain

THE CEREBELLUM
- Balance
- Posture
- Cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers

THE BRAIN STEM
- Motor and sensory pathway to body and face
- Vital centers: cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor

Hypothalamus
- Moods and motivation
- Sexual maturation
- Temperature regulation
- Hormonal body processes

Optic Chiasm
- Vision and the optic nerve

Pituitary Gland
- Hormonal body processes
- Physical maturation
- Growth (height and form)
- Sexual maturation
- Sexual functioning

Spinal Cord
- Conduit and source of sensation and movement

Pineal Body
- Unknown

Ventricles and Cerebral Aqueduct
- Contains the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord