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Question

Explain the factors affecting enzyme activity.

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Solution

Enzymes are biological catalysts that are proteinaceous in nature.
The factors affecting the enzyme activity are listed below:
1. Substrate concentration:
The activity of an enzyme also increases with the increase in substrate concentration. If the substrate concentration increases, then the availability of the active site would decrease. This will affect the activity of an enzyme and limit the reaction rate.
2. pH
Each enzyme has its optimal pH in which they work. For example pepsin and trypsin work on acidic pH. The enzymes are globular proteinaceous structure, form by the interaction of the hydrogen bond between the side chains of the protein. Any change in the cause deionization of side chain which results in the denaturation of the enzyme.
3. Temperature:
Each enzyme works on its optimal temperature. Any alteration in temperature affects the activity of an enzyme, and it also leads to denaturation of an enzyme.
4. Enzyme cofactor and coenzyme:
Each enzyme requires cofactors (inorganic ion or protein organic molecules) for their work. The non-availability of these cofactors decreases the activity of an enzyme.
5. Enzyme inhibitors:
The inhibitors of an enzyme bind to the active site which affects the activity of an enzyme.

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