1
Question
Explain the following:
(a) Water pipes in colder countries often burst in winter.
(b) In winter, water tank (or ocean) starts freezing from the surface and not from the bottom.
(c) Fishes survive in ponds even when the atmospheric temperature is well below 0C.
(d) A hollow glass sphere which floats with its entire volume submerged in water at 4C sinks when water is heated above 4C.
(e) A glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature, is likely to burst when kept in the freezer of a refrigerator.
(a) Water pipes in colder countries often burst in winter.
(b) In winter, water tank (or ocean) starts freezing from the surface and not from the bottom.
(c) Fishes survive in ponds even when the atmospheric temperature is well below 0C.
(d) A hollow glass sphere which floats with its entire volume submerged in water at 4C sinks when water is heated above 4C.
(e) A glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature, is likely to burst when kept in the freezer of a refrigerator.
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Solution
a) Water pipes burst because the water inside them expands as it gets close to freezing, and this causes an increase in pressure inside the pipe. When the pressure gets too high for the pipe to contain, it ruptures.
b) In winter, when the atmospheric temperature starts falling well below 0℃ the water at the surface of the tank or the ocean initially at temperature of 4℃ begins to radiate heat to the atmosphere. So the temperature of water starts falling when the temperature of water at the surface falls, water contract, so its density increases and therefore it sinks to the bottom. This happens due to an anomalous expansion of water.
c) Fishes can survive in pond even though the temperature is 0℃ because till 4℃ water contracts but when the temperature reaches below 4℃ water expands. This is called the anomalous property of water.
d) This is because at 4℃, the water is at its peak density, this high density is due to the fact that water at this temperature gets more contracted than usual and will have low volume with a high density. This is the reason why the hollow sphere stays floats and will only sink after the water is heated above 4℃, the sinking is because when the water is heated above 4℃ it starts to expand and its density falls hence not able to keep the sphere afloat.
e) It is due to the anomalous expansion or strange behavior of water. The expansion of water takes place as it is cooled from 4℃ to 0℃. This behavior is unusual because most substances contract when they are cooled, but water expands on solidifying. Due to this expansion a glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature is likely to burst when it is kept in fridge.
a) Water pipes burst because the water inside them expands as it gets close to freezing, and this causes an increase in pressure inside the pipe. When the pressure gets too high for the pipe to contain, it ruptures.
b) In winter, when the atmospheric temperature starts falling well below 0℃ the water at the surface of the tank or the ocean initially at temperature of 4℃ begins to radiate heat to the atmosphere. So the temperature of water starts falling when the temperature of water at the surface falls, water contract, so its density increases and therefore it sinks to the bottom. This happens due to an anomalous expansion of water.
c) Fishes can survive in pond even though the temperature is 0℃ because till 4℃ water contracts but when the temperature reaches below 4℃ water expands. This is called the anomalous property of water.
d) This is because at 4℃, the water is at its peak density, this high density is due to the fact that water at this temperature gets more contracted than usual and will have low volume with a high density. This is the reason why the hollow sphere stays floats and will only sink after the water is heated above 4℃, the sinking is because when the water is heated above 4℃ it starts to expand and its density falls hence not able to keep the sphere afloat.
e) It is due to the anomalous expansion or strange behavior of water. The expansion of water takes place as it is cooled from 4℃ to 0℃. This behavior is unusual because most substances contract when they are cooled, but water expands on solidifying. Due to this expansion a glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature is likely to burst when it is kept in fridge.
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