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Explain the t...

Question

Explain the terms
(i) bonding molecular orbitals,
(ii) antibonding molecular orbitals,
(iii) non-bonding molecular orbitals.

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Solution

1. The bonding orbital is used in molecular orbital theory to describe the attractive interactions between the atomic orbitals of two or more atoms in a molecule.
2. An antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei.
3. A non-bonding orbital $(N B M O)$ is a molecular orbital for which the addition or removal of an electron does not change the energy of the molecule. Molecular orbitals come from the linear combination of atomic orbitals.

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Q. Which is correct statement about

σ -

π -

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(i)

π -

bonding orbitals are ungerade
(ii)

π -

antibonding orbitals are ungerade
(iii)

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antibonding orbitals are gerade

Q. Assertion : Fluorine molecule has bond order one.
Reason : The number of electrons in the antibonding molecular orbitals is two less than that in bonding molecular orbitals.

Q. If the total energy of the two atomic orbitals is

x

and the energy difference between bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals is

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then the energy of bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbital will be:

Q. According to MOT, two atomic orbitals overlap resulting in the formation of molecular orbitals. Number of atomic orbitals overlapping together is equal to the molecular orbital formed. The two atomic orbital thus formed by LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbital) in the same phase or in the different phase are known as bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals respectively. The energy of bonding molecular orbital is lower than that of the pure atomic orbital by an amount

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. This known as the stabilization energy. The energy of antibonding molecular orbital is increased by

Δ^{'}

(destabilization energy).
How many nodal plane(s) is/are present

σ_{(s and p)}

in bonding molecular orbital?

Q. According to MOT, two atomic orbitals overlap resulting in the formation of molecular orbitals. Number of atomic orbitals overlapping together is equal to the molecular orbital formed. The two atomic orbital thus formed by LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbital) in the same phase or in the different phase are known as bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals respectively. The energy of bonding molecular orbital is lower than that of the pure atomic orbital by an amount

Δ

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(destabilization energy).
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true:

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