Explain the terms inductive and electrometric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids ?
a) $C l_{3} C C O O H > C l_{2} C H C O O H > C l C H_{2} C O O H$
b) $C H_{3} C H_{2} C O O H > (C H_{3})_{2} C H C O O H > (C H_{3})_{3} C . C O O H$

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Solution

Inductive effect
The polarity produced in the molecule as a result of higher electronegativity of one atom compared to the other is termed as inductive effect.
It's is two types:
1. +I effect (electron repelling)
2. -I effect (electron withdrawing)
Features
1. It is a permanent effect
2. It is insignificant beyond the second carbon in the chain.
3. It affects the physical properties like dipole moment, solubility etc.

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Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?

(a) Cl₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂COOH

(b) CH₃CH₂COOH > (CH₃)₂CHCOOH > (CH₃)₃C.COOH

Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?

C l_{3} C C O O H > C l_{2} C H C O O H > C l C H_{2} C O O H

Q. Which of the following is the correct order of acidity of a carboxylic acid?

(i)

{C l}_{3} C C O O H > {C l}_{2} C H C O O H > C l {C H}_{2} C O O H

(ii)

{C H}_{3} C H_{2} C O O H > {(C H}_{3})_{2} C H C O O H > {(C H}_{3})_{3} C C O O H

(iii)

F_{2} C H_{2} C O O H > F C H_{2} C O O H > C l {C H}_{2} C O O H

Q. The increasing order of acidic strength in the following acids.

C l C H_{2} C O O H, C H_{3} C H_{2} C O O H, C l C H_{2} C H_{3} C O O H, (C H_{3})_{2} C H C O O H

and

C H_{3} C O O H

is:

Q. Based on

p K_{a}

values the order of decreasing acidity of carboxylic acid molecules containing EWG must be?

C F_{3} C O O H, C C l_{3} C O O H, H C C l_{2} C O O H, N O_{2} C H_{2} C O O H, F C H_{2} C O O H, C l C H_{2} C O O H, B r C H_{2} C O O H, H C O O H, C l C H_{2} C H_{2} C O O H, C_{6} H_{5} C O O H, C_{6} H_{5} C H_{2} C O O H, C H_{3} C O O H, C H_{3} C H_{2} C O O H

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Explain the terms inductive and electrometric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids ? a) Cl3CCOOH>Cl2CHCOOH>ClCH2COOHb) CH3CH2COOH>(CH3)2CHCOOH>(CH3)3C.COOH