Explain the uses and the harmful effects of micro-organisms.
Microorganisms have found widescale application in various industries. Some of their applications are:
Use of Microorganisms in Food Industry
(i) Lactobacillus bacterium promotes the conversion of milk into curd.
(ii) Yeast is used in preparation of breads, pastries, and cakes.
Use of Microorganisms in Vaccine Production
(i) Protection of the body from the attack of various disease-causing microorganisms through vaccines is known as vaccination.
(ii) Vaccine includes dead or weakened microbes that trigger the production of antibodies in the body.
Use of Microorganisms in Increasing Soil Fertility
(i) Blue green algae and Rhizobium are called biological nitrogen fixers.
(ii) They fix atmospheric free nitrogen to enhance soil fertility.
These are just few examples which highlight the commercial importance of these microorganisms. However, they are not always beneficial can lead to various kinds of damage. This damage can be in terms of health of humans and animals, crop production etc. There are various kinds of microorganisms which are known to cause disease in humans and animals.
Human disease
Pathogen
Tuberculosis
Measles
Chicken pox
Polio
Bacteria
Virus
Virus
Virus
Cholera
Typhoid
Bacteria
Bacteria
Similarly there are certain species of microorganisms which cause disease in plants and affect the crop productivity.
Plant disease
Pathogen
Citrus canker
Bacteria
Rust of wheat
Fungi
Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi (okra)
Virus
Microorganisms have found widescale application in various industries. Some of their applications are:
Use of Microorganisms in Food Industry
(i) Lactobacillus bacterium promotes the conversion of milk into curd.
(ii) Yeast is used in preparation of breads, pastries, and cakes.
Use of Microorganisms in Vaccine Production
(i) Protection of the body from the attack of various disease-causing microorganisms through vaccines is known as vaccination.
(ii) Vaccine includes dead or weakened microbes that trigger the production of antibodies in the body.
Use of Microorganisms in Increasing Soil Fertility
(i) Blue green algae and Rhizobium are called biological nitrogen fixers.
(ii) They fix atmospheric free nitrogen to enhance soil fertility.
These are just few examples which highlight the commercial importance of these microorganisms. However, they are not always beneficial can lead to various kinds of damage. This damage can be in terms of health of humans and animals, crop production etc. There are various kinds of microorganisms which are known to cause disease in humans and animals.
|
Human disease |
Pathogen |
|
Tuberculosis Measles Chicken pox Polio |
Bacteria Virus Virus Virus |
|
Cholera Typhoid |
Bacteria Bacteria |
Similarly there are certain species of microorganisms which cause disease in plants and affect the crop productivity.
|
Plant disease |
Pathogen |
|
Citrus canker |
Bacteria |
|
Rust of wheat |
Fungi |
|
Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi (okra) |
Virus |
