Question

Explain various special techniques used in assisted reproduction technologies(ART).

Answer 1

ART is a group of special techniques which helps the infertile couples by retrieving oocytes from the ovary or sperms from the epididymis, then perform artificial insemination and development of an embryo. The different procedures of Art are -

• AI (Artificial insemination) - Husband's or donors sperm is artificially placed in the vagina.
• Surrogate mother
• IVF-ET ( In Vitro Fertilisation - embryo transfer) - Oocyte and sperms are retrieved from the parent's body and are fertilized in the laboratory conditions. 2-3 fertilized ova are placed close to the fundus.
• GIFT ( Gamete Intrafallopian transfer) - In this, both sperms (2-5 lakhs) and unfertilized oocyte (two) are introduced into the fallopian tube and fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube (i.e. in vivo). In this oocyte is provided by the donor female. This oocyte is transferred to the uterus of that female which cannot produce oocyte but can provide an excellent environment for fertilization and development of the fetus.
• ZIFT ( Zygote Intrafallopian transfer) - In this oocyte and sperms are taken and fertilization takes place outside the female's body i.e. in vitro. Early embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred to the fallopian tube.
• IUT ( Intrauterine transfer) - In this oocyte, from wife or donor and sperms, from the husband or donor male are taken and fertilization takes place outside the female's body i.e. in vitro. Early embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is directly transferred to the endometrium.
• Embryo transfer.