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Carbonates

Explain, why ...

Question

Explain, why the following statement is not correct:
Lead chloride can be prepared by adding dilute HCl to lead sulphate solution.

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Solution

Lead sulphate will not react with dilute hydrochloric acid. A white precipitate of lead chloride is obtained when hydrochloric acid is added to a lead nitrate solution.

Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → PbCl₂(s) + 2HNO₃(aq)

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Q. The preparation of lead sulphate from lead carbonate is a two-step process (lead sulphate cannot be prepared by adding dilute sulphuric acid to lead carbonate.)
(i) What is the first step that is required to prepare lead sulphate from lead carbonate?
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction that will take place when this first step is carried out.
(iii) Why is the direct addition of dilute sulphuric acid to lead carbonate an impractical method of preparing lead sulphate?

Q. The questions (i) to (v) refer to the following salt solutions listed (a) to (f):
(a) Copper nitrate
(b) Iron (II) sulphate
(c) Iron (III) chloride
(d) Lead nitrate
(e) Magnesium sulphate
(f) Zinc chloride

(i) Which two solutions will give a white precipitate when treated with dilute hydrochloric acid followed by barium chloride solution?
(ii) Which two solution will give a white precipitate when treated with dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution?
(iii) Which solution will give a white precipitate when either dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric acid is added to it?
(iv) Which solution becomes a deep/inky blue colour when excess of ammonium hydroxide is added to it?
(v) Which solution gives a white precipitate with excess ammonium hydroxide solution?

We cannot prepare lead sulphate by treating lead carbonate with dilute sulphuric acid.Why?

Q. State your observations when:
(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to lead nitrate solution and the mixture is heated.
(ii) Barium chloride solution is mixed with sodium sulphate solution.
(iii) Concentrated sulphuric acid is added to sugar crystals.
(iv) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to copper carbonate.
(v) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate.

Q. From the list of the substances given, name the substances which you would use to prepare each of the following salts:
List of substances: copper, lead, sodium, zinc, copper oxide, lead carbonate, sodium carbonate solution, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and dilute sulphuric acid.
Salts: (a) zinc sulphate (b) copper sulphate (c) sodium sulphate (d) lead sulphate.

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