Fill in the blanks.

(a) Propane and ethane are ..... (homologous, isomers)

(b) A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an ...... reaction. (substitution, addition)

(c) Succeeding members of a homologous series differ by..... ( $C H, C H_{2}, C H_{3}$ )

(d) As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points and melting points ....... (increase, decrease)

(e) $C_{25} H_{52}$ and $C_{50} H_{102}$ belong to .... homologous series. (the same, different)

(f) CO is an ...... compound. (organic, inorganic)

(g) The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ..... and the physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ...... (functional group, number of carbon atoms)

(h) CHO is the functional group of an ...... (alcohol, aldehyde)

(i) The root in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon atoms in ......... (any chain, principal chain)

(j) But -1-ene and but -2-ene are examples of .... isomerism. (chain,position, functional)

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Solution

(a) Propane and ethane are homologous.

(b) A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an addition reaction.

(c) Succeeding members of a homologous series differ by $C H_{2}$ .

(d) As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points and melting points increase.

(e) $C_{25} H_{52}$ and $C_{50} H_{102}$ belong to the same homologous series.

(f) CO is an inorganic Compound.

(g) The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the functional group and the physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the number of carbon atoms.

(h) CHO is the functional group of an aldehyde.

(i) The root in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon atoms in principal chain.

(j) But-1-ene and but-2-ene are examples of position isomerism.

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Q. The functional group is a group of an atom within a molecule which is responsible for chemical characteristics of that molecule (compound). The first carbon atom after the carbon atom bonded to a functional group is known as alpha carbon and further carbon in a chain are known as beta, gamma progressively. Homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the _______ of the same functional group.

Q. Consider the following statements :
(a) All hydrocarbons show phenomena of isomerism.
(b) The members of a homologous series have similar chemical and physical properties.
(c) Cyclic hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated organic compounds that contain ring of carbon atoms.
(d) Synthetic detergents are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

(a) What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
(b) State two characteristics of a homologous series.
(c) The molecular formula of an organic compound is C₁₈H₃₆. Name its homologous series.
(d) Select the hydrocarbons which belong to the same homologous series. Give the name of each series.
CH₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₂H₆, C₄H₁₀, C₃H₄, C₃H₆
(e) What is meant by 'heteroatom'? Give examples. Write the names and formulae of two organic compounds containing different heteroatoms.

(a) Write the name and formula of an organic compound containing a ketone functional group.
(b) Write the names and formulae for the first three members of the homologous series of chloroalkanes.
(c) How would you name the following compound?
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Q. What is meant by homologous series of organic compounds? Write the chemical formulae of two members of a homologous series and state which part determines the (i) physical properties, (ii) chemical properties, of these compunds.

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