The correct option is
A The/the/the/the/no article
OPTION "A" is the correct answer.
EXPLANATION:
There are two types of articles:
DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) : Article 'the' is used to refer to a DEFINITE thing or person.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE(A/AN): Article 'a/an' is used to refer to a thing or person in general. For instance: man, door etc.
Article 'a' is used with consonant sounds whereas article 'an' is used with vowel sounds.
In the first blank, article "the" will be used because article 'the' is used with superlatives (shortest) .
In the second blank, article "the" will be used because 'world' is a proper noun. There is only one 'world.'
In the third blank, article "the" will be used because "tallest" is superlative and article 'the' is used with superlatives.
In the fourth blank, no article or 'zero article' will be used because 'Africa' is a country and no article is used before a country name.