Question

Find out shape and hybridisation of the following molecules ( $PC{l}_5$, $N{H}_3$, $H_{2}O$, $S{F}_6$ )

Answer 1

$PC{l}_5$ : $P(G.S)=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^3$

$P(E.S)=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^3$

One $s$ , three $p$ & one $d$ orbitals of same shell participate to give $s{p}^{3}d$ hybridisation.

Shape: Trigonal bipyramidal.

Figure-1 represents the shell diagram.

Figure-2 represents the shape .

$N{H}_3:N(G.S)=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$

$N(E.S)=1s^2$

One $s$ , three $p$ participate to give $s{p}^3$ hybridisation.

Shape: Pyramidal

Figure-3 represents the shell diagram.

Figure-4 represents the shape .

$H_{2}O:O(G.S)=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$

$O(E.S)=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p_x^{2}2p_y^{1}2p_z^1$

Two half filled $s{p}^3$ hybrid orbital of Oxygen atom & $s$ orbital of 2 Hydrogen atom overlap to form water.

Shape: V-shaped or distorted tetrahedral due to $lp-lp,lp-bp,bp-bp$ repulsion.

Figure-5 represents the shell diagram.

Figure-6 represents the shape .

$S{F}_6:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^4$

Hybridisation- $s{p}^3{d}^2$

Shape: Octahedral.

Figure-7 represents the shell diagram.

Figure-8 represents the shape .