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For which of the following diseases, the vaccine is administered orally?
For which of the following diseases, the vaccine is administered orally?
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Solution
The correct option is C Polio
Poliomyelitis or polio, is a viral disease that causes paralysis, i.e, the inability to move body parts by attacking the spinal cord of the infected person. The virus causing the disease is known as the Polio virus and it can spread through direct contact, contact with faeces or droplets of cough or sneeze of the infected person.
Minor symptoms of polio include fever, sore throat, nausea, headache, etc. whereas in severe cases, patients might develop meningitis (infection of the membranes covering the brain or spinal cord) and paralysis of muscles.
An effective way to prevent poliomyelitis is to vaccinate an individual with four doses, preferably before the age of 6 years. The vaccine either contains killed and inactivated viral particles (Salk vaccine/Inactivated polio vaccine/ IPV) or living but attenuated/ weakened viral particles (Sabin vaccine/ Oral polio vaccine/ OPV). The viral antigens in the vaccine would trigger the B lymphocytes to release antibodies, some of which immediately destroy the antigen. The memory cells produced by the antigen can launch a faster and stronger immune response in the event of an actual infection in the future.
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used in most of the countries and is administered as oral drops.
Mumps can be prevented by administering the MMR vaccine which is a combination vaccine that protects against three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. This vaccine contains live but attenuated (reduced ability to cause the disease) forms of the mumps, measles and rubella virus. It is injected subcutaneously (connective tissue) and usually has mild side effects of fever and minor rashes.
BCG or the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is used as a preventative measure for tuberculosis. The vaccine is a liquid preparation of a live attenuated bacteria which is placed directly onto the skin of the upper arm (intradermal). It is then pricked through the skin using a multi-pronged needle device that delivers the vaccine into the shallow layers of skin.
DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine is administered to protect against the bacterial diseases diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), and pertussis (Bordetella pertussis). The vaccine consists of killed bacteria that is injected into the muscles of the forearm in children.
Poliomyelitis or polio, is a viral disease that causes paralysis, i.e, the inability to move body parts by attacking the spinal cord of the infected person. The virus causing the disease is known as the Polio virus and it can spread through direct contact, contact with faeces or droplets of cough or sneeze of the infected person.
Minor symptoms of polio include fever, sore throat, nausea, headache, etc. whereas in severe cases, patients might develop meningitis (infection of the membranes covering the brain or spinal cord) and paralysis of muscles.
An effective way to prevent poliomyelitis is to vaccinate an individual with four doses, preferably before the age of 6 years. The vaccine either contains killed and inactivated viral particles (Salk vaccine/Inactivated polio vaccine/ IPV) or living but attenuated/ weakened viral particles (Sabin vaccine/ Oral polio vaccine/ OPV). The viral antigens in the vaccine would trigger the B lymphocytes to release antibodies, some of which immediately destroy the antigen. The memory cells produced by the antigen can launch a faster and stronger immune response in the event of an actual infection in the future.
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used in most of the countries and is administered as oral drops.
Mumps can be prevented by administering the MMR vaccine which is a combination vaccine that protects against three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. This vaccine contains live but attenuated (reduced ability to cause the disease) forms of the mumps, measles and rubella virus. It is injected subcutaneously (connective tissue) and usually has mild side effects of fever and minor rashes.
BCG or the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is used as a preventative measure for tuberculosis. The vaccine is a liquid preparation of a live attenuated bacteria which is placed directly onto the skin of the upper arm (intradermal). It is then pricked through the skin using a multi-pronged needle device that delivers the vaccine into the shallow layers of skin.
DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine is administered to protect against the bacterial diseases diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), and pertussis (Bordetella pertussis). The vaccine consists of killed bacteria that is injected into the muscles of the forearm in children.
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