Question

Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process? Explain using a diagram.

Answer 1

When the difference in the boiling points of the components is less than 25 K, they are separated using a special technique known as fractional distillation. ​

This technique uses an apparatus named fractionating column, containing beads that separate the component at different heights depending on their boiling points. The components are then passed to the water condenser, where the water regulates the temperature. In the condenser, the vapours are converted to liquid state, separating the components to separate in a different container. [3 Marks]