A. Dimethylamine & Methylamine can be differentiated by the carbylamine test. When Aliphatic & aromatic primary amines are heated with
CHCl3 & alc.
KOH, foul-smelling isocyanides or carbylamine are formed.
As methylamine is an aliphatic primary amine it gives a positive carbylamine test, but dimethylamine does not give this test as that is secondary amine.
CH3−NH2+CHCl3+3KOH↓Δ CH3−NC+3KCl+3H2O( Foul smell)( CH3)2NH+CHCl3+3KOH↓Δ No reaction
B. Secondary amines & tertiary amines can be differentiated by Hinsberg’s reagent test (benzene sulphonyl chloride,
C6H5SO2Cl). When Secondary amines react with Hinsberg’s reagent, a product which is insoluble in alkali is formed.
For example, when
N,
N - diethyl amine (secondary amine) reacts with Hinsberg’s reagent, it forms
N,
N-diethyl benzene sulphonamide, which is insoluble in an alkali. While tertiary amines, however, do not react with Hinsberg’s reagent.
![](https://df0b18phdhzpx.cloudfront.net/ckeditor_assets/pictures/1597542/original_S_Q_N_A_Amines_16.1.png)
C. Ethylamine and aniline can be differentiated by azo-dye test.
When aromatic amines are made to react with
HNO2(NaNO2+dil.HCl) at
0−5∘C, followed by alkaline solution of
2 –naphthol, a dye is obtained.
The dye is observed to be in the following colours: yellow, red and orange. A brisk effervescence is given out by aliphatic amines due to the evolution of
N2 gas under analogous conditions.
Conclusion
Aniline being an aromatic amine gives orange colour dye.
![](https://df0b18phdhzpx.cloudfront.net/ckeditor_assets/pictures/1597558/original_S_Q_N_A_Amines_16.3.png)
While ethylamine being an aliphatic amine gives a brisk effervescence due to the evolution of
N2 gas.
C2H5NH2+HONO+HCl↓273−278k C2H5OH+CH2=CH2+C2H5Cl+N2
D. Benzylamine & Aniline can be differentiated by reacting them with nitrous acid. When benzylamine reacts with nitrous acid, it forms unstable diazonium salt which gives a by – product as alcohol along with the evolution of
N2 gas.
C6H5CH2−NH2+HNO2↓ NaNO2+HCl[ C6H5CH2−N+2Cl−]( Unstable)
[ C6H5CH2−N+2Cl−]( Unstable)↓ H2O N2↑+C6H5CH2−OH+HCl
When aniline reacts with
HNO2 at a very low temperature, it forms a stable diazonium salt.
Hence, the evolution of nitrogen gas does not happen.
C6H5NH2 273−278K↓ NaNO2+HCl C6H5N+2Cl−+NaCl+2H2O
E. N-methylaniline & aniline can be differentiated by using the Carbylamine test.
When aliphatic & aromatic primary amines are heated with
CHCl3 & alc.
KOH, foul-smelling isocyanide or carbylamine is formed.
As aniline is an aromatic primary amine, it gives a positive carbylamine test but
N- methyl aniline does not give this test as that is secondary amine.
C6H5−NH2+CHCl3+3KOH↓Δ C6H5−NC+3KCl+3H2O( Foul smell) C6H5NHCH3+CHCl3+3KOH↓Δ No reaction