Give reason for the following.

a. Hydronium ions are always in the form H₃O⁺

b. Buttermilk spoils if kept in a copper or brass container.

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Solution

a)When an acids dissolve in water. The H⁺ ion from acid always goes to the nearest water molecule to form hydronium ion.
${HCl(aq)}$ $+ H2O(aq)\to H_{3} {O+(aq)} + {Cl-(aq)}$
For example : When Hydrochloric acid(HCl) is a strong acid. When it is dissolved in water, HCl is ionized completely in aqueous solution. Hydrochloric acid will donates its proton H⁺ to water molecule to form a hydronium cation H₃O⁺and chloride anions Cl^- .

b)Buttermilk spoils if kept in a copper or brass container because buttermilk is actually lactic acid. Lactic acid reacts with the container material and produces poisonous complex. It is actually the reaction between acid and metal . This reaction is called as electro chemical reaction.

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