Give reasons of the following:
Although $- N H_{2}$ is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline

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Solution

Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. In an acidic medium, aniline is protonated to give anilinium ion (which is meta-directing).

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Q. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.
(b)

C H_{3} N H_{2}

is more basic than

C_{6} H_{5} N H_{2}

N H_{2}

is O/P directing group,
yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m - nitroaniline.

Q. Although the amino group is 0- and p-directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of nitroaniline.
If this is true enter 1 if false enter 0.

Account for the following:

(i) pK_bof aniline is more than that of methylamine.

(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.

(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.

(iv) Although amino group is o, p− directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.

(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.

(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.

(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.

Q. Amino group is ortho, para-directing for aromatic electrophilic substitution. On nitration of aniline good amount of m-nitroaniline is obtained. This is due to:

Account for the following

(i) $p K_{b}$ of aniline is more than that of methyl amine.

(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not

(iii) Methyl amine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide

(iv) Although amino group is o- and p- directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline

(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel Crafts reaction

(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines

(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines

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Give reasons of the following: Although −NH2 is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline

Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. In an acidic medium, aniline is protonated to give anilinium ion (which is meta-directing).

Give reasons of the following:
Although $- N H_{2}$ is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline