Question

Give scientific reason for the following statements:

1. Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winters.

2. Renal cortex has a dotted appearance.

3. There is a frequent urination in winter than in summer

Answer 1

1. Urine - It is a transparent fluid that is excreted from the body as a nitrogenous waste product.

1. The total amount of urine excreted per day is 1.6-1.8 liters.
2. This quantity increases or decreases with the amount of intake of water and decreases with increased sweating (perspiration).
3. During summers the rate of perspiration (sweating) is more as compared to winters therefore our body loses more water in the form of sweat.
4. Due to this glomerular filtrate reabsorbs more water to maintain the osmotic (fluid) balance in the body.
5. Thus the urine formed has lesser water content therefore the urine is less diluted and more concentrated and hence it is slightly thicker in summer than in winter.

2. The renal cortex - It is the outer part of the kidney that is dark brown in color.

1. The Renal Cortex is the outer part of the kidney that contains the bowman’s capsule, glomeruli, and tubules (proximal and distal convoluted tubules).
2. Therefore due to the presence of these structures the renal cortex appears to be dotted.

3. Urination- It is also known as Micturition. It is the process of discharging out urine from the urinary bladder.

1. In summer because there is a high temperature and perspiration rate is more, therefore less water is excreted out through urine and more water is excreted out in the form of sweat.
2. Whereas in winter perspiration rate is very less therefore, more water is excreted out in the form of urine from our body.
3. Therefore, there is more frequent urination in winters than in summer in order to eliminate the excess water and waste from our bodies.