Question

Give the differences between the properties of metals and non-metals with suitable examples.

Answer 1

The differences between the properties of metals and non-metals are explained below with suitable examples.

Metal	Non-metal
1. Metals are generally solid at room temperature. Mercury is an exception, which is liquid at room temperature.	Non-metals are solid, liquid and gaseous at room temperature. For example, carbon and sulphur are solids; bromine is a liquid; oxygen, chlorine and nitrogen are gases.
2. Metals are usually hard and strong. They can resist high weight without breaking. Exceptions are sodium and potassium, which are soft metals and can be cut through with a knife.	Generally, non-metals are not strong and they break easily. Diamond, which is an exception, is a form of carbon and is the hardest identified material.
3. Generally, metals are malleable and ductile in nature. They can be beaten into thin sheets (malleability) and can be drawn into very thin wires (ductility). For example, gold and silver are highly malleable metals. And, copper, aluminium, gold and silver are highly ductile metals.	Generally, non-metals are not malleable and ductile in nature. They are highly brittle.
4. Most of the metals are lustrous. They have a shiny appearance and can be polished to bring back the shine. Gold, silver and platinum are the most lustrous metals.	Non-metals are usually dull and cannot be polished. Graphite and iodine, however, are non-metals with a shiny look.
5. Most of the metals are sonorous. When these metals are hit, they make a ringing sound. For example, bells in schools and temples are made from copper alloys.	Non-metals are not sonorous.
6. Generally, metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. For example, silver is the best conductor of heat and electricity. Copper and aluminium are also good conductors. Thus, metals are used for making electrical wires.	Generally, non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite is an exception.
7. Generally, metals have high melting and boiling points.	Generally, non-metals have low melting and boiling points.