Give the products of electrolysis in each case.
(Also, give the ionic equations)
Dil. $N a C l$ solution using Platinum or graphite electrodes.

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Solution

Electrolysis is the process of breaking the substance into its constituent parts by passing electricity through it when dissolved in water.
Step 1: Reaction involved
The reaction that has taken place is
$N a C l (a q) \to N a^{+} (a q) + C l^{-} (a q) H_{2} O (l) \to H^{+} (a q) + O H^{-} (a q)$
Step 2: Reaction at the Cathode
At cathode $H^{+}$ ions are discharged in preference to $N a^{+}$ ions. The reaction will be
$2 H^{+} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 H (a q) 2 H (a q) \to H_{2} (g)$
Step 3: Reaction at the anode
At the anode, $O H^{-}$ ions are discharged in preference to $C l^{-}$ ions. The reaction will be
\ $4 O H^{-} (a q) - 4 e^{-} \to 4 O H (a q) 4 O H (a q) \to O_{2} (g) + 2 H_{2} O (l)$

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