Hanny - Smith formula for calculating the percentage of ionic character is

16(x_A - x _B) - 3.5 (x_A - x_B)²

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16(x_A - x _B) + 3.5 (x_A - x_B)²

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16(x_A - x _B)² - 3.5 (x_A - x_B)

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16(x_A - x _B)² + 3.5 (x_A - x_B)²

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Solution

The correct option is A
16(x_A - x _B) - 3.5 (x_A - x_B)²

% ionic character = $16 (| x_{A} - x_{B} |) + 3.5 (x_{A} - x_{B})^{2}$

where ' $x_{A}$ ' is the electronegativity of one element and $x_{B}$ is the electronegativity of the other element.

The first expression includes a modulus because we are interested in the difference in electronegativity.

Note: This gives the % ionic character. To calculate % covalent character, we have to do 1 - (% ionic character).

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