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Byju's Answer
Standard IX
Biology
Gel Electrophoresis
Having become...
Question

Having become an expert on gel electrophoresis, you are asked to examine a gel for a colleague. Where would you find the smallest segments of DNA ?

A
Near the positive electrode, farthest away from the wells
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B
Near the negative electrode, close to the wells
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C
Near the top, near the negative pole
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D
Near the middle, they tend to slowdown after the first few minutes
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Solution

The correct option is A Near the positive electrode, farthest away from the wells
DNA is a negatively charged molecule and therefore would move towards the positive end of the gel. But the movement of though the gel is determined by the size of the DNA molecule. The DNA fragments are loaded in a well near to the negative end of the gel. Once the electric field is applied, the DNA fragments start to move towards the positive end. The smallest DNA fragments would move quicker than their larger counterparts and hence be nearest to the positive end of the gel and farthest from the wells.

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Q. Having become an expert on gel electrophoresis, you are asked to examine a gel for a colleague. Where would you find the smallest segments of DNA?
Q. A mixture of DNA fragments, such as those made by restriction enzyme digestion, can be resolved by gel electrophoresis. Loading DNA sample into wells at the top of the gel (see figure) will migrate through the gel in response to an electrical field.
What component of the DNA macromolecule is responsible for its migration toward the positive terminal?
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Q. A researcher has identified the location of the gene in a eukaryotic cell that codes for protein P and has managed to excise it from the DNA. She has also generated DNA from the mRNA that codes for the protein. If she runs these two sequences through gel electrophoresis, what should she expect to see?
It must be noted that the wells where the DNA was loaded onto the gel are at the top of the gels shown below.
Q. Match the following component of the electrophoresis unit in column I with its use in column II.
Column I Column II
1. Comb a. Prevents DNA from floating out of wells and makes the position of the DNA easier to see.
2. Gel box b. Houses gel and expose it to an electrical current generated by a power supply.
3. Micropipette c. Contains DNA molecules of known size that may be used to gauge the location of fragments of interest in the gel.
4. Loading buffer d. Creates wells on one end of the gel for loading of the DNA
5. DNA standard size e. Used to transfer small volumes of liquid.

Q. Sandy was conducting gel electrophoresis in his laboratory. However, he wanted to try something new. He placed the gel in the tank in such a way that the wells were placed towards the anode. What can be the likely consequence of the loaded DNA sample?
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