Question

How can we increase the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in water?

Answer 1

One way to look at this is through Henry's Law. According to Henry's Law
Kp/Kh = C, Where "p" is partial pressure, Kh is Henry constant and C is concentration. To increase the solubility, either partial pressure has of CO2 has to be increased or Kh has to be decreased. Kh at a given temperature can be roughly estimated as follows
Kh = Kho exp [-C * (( 1/T) - (1/To))]
Kho - is henry constant at reference temperature (298K)
To - Reference temperature (298K)
C - Temperature dependent constant
Since Kh is a temperature dependent constant, to increase the concentration, increase partial pressure of CO2 would be a solution. This can be done by increasing the total pressure or increasing the mass fraction of CO2