How can we test whether a given compound is ethanoic acid or ethanol?

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Solution

Ethanoic acid turns blue litmus red but ethanol will not turn blue litmus red.
Also,
To Ethanol when added sodium. Brisk effervescence is seen and the gas liberated is hydrogen which will burn with a pop sound.
$2 C H_{3} - C H_{2} - O H + N a \to C H_{3} - C H_{2} - O N a + H_{2}$
For Ethanoic acid add sodium bicarbonate to it and it will form brisk effervescence which turns lime water milky that is it liberates carbon dioxide gas.

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