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Question

How is hardness of water caused?


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Solution

  • Hardness of water is caused due to the dissolved chlorides, sulphates, and bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.

Hardness is of two types:

1. Temporary hardness

2. Permanent hardness.

  • Temporary hardness: It is caused by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates.
  • Permanent hardness: It is caused by the chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium.

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