After France became a republic in 1792, the then Jacobin leader, Robespierre, followed a policy of severe control and punishment. He was a sort of autocrat himself. This led to a reign of terror for the following many years. After Robespierre's rule came to an end a directory was formed to avoid concentration of power in one individual. Members of the directory often fought among themselves leading to total chaos and political instability. This created a political vacuum in France. This was a conducive situation and Napoleon Bonaparte took the reign of power as a military dictator.