Hydrogen chloride gas is very soluble in water. It is dissolved in water to prepare hydrochloric acid by using an anti-suction device, as shown in the diagram. Very briefly explain, how this device prevents the suction of water into the flask, in which hydrogen chloride gas is produced.

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Solution

To avoid back suctions, hydrochloric acid is prepared using the ‘Inverted Funnel Arrangement’.

An inverted funnel is connected to the HCl gas supply and placed in a beaker in such a way that the rim of the funnel just touches the upper surface of water inside the beaker. The mouth of the funnel is filled with HCl gas, which starts dissolving in water, creating a low pressure region. Due to back suction, the water level in the funnel rises. The funnel’s rim loses contact with water, letting in the outside air through the gap, so as to balance out the pressure. The gravitational force pulls the solution back into the beaker. As the level of water in the funnel falls, it drops back to its original position.
The entire process is repeated till the water inside the beaker becomes saturated with HCl gas.

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Describe very briefly the method employed to dissolve hydrogen chloride gas in water as it is prepared in the laboratory. [5 MARKS]

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Q. For the preparation of hydrochloric acid in the laboratory.
(i) Why is the direct absorption of hydrogen chloride gas in water is not feasible?
(ii) What arrangement is done to dissolve hydrogen chloride gas in water?

Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.
(a) Name the experiment which demonstrates that hydrogen chloride is very soluble in water.
(b) Give three distinct tests (apart from using an indicator) you would carry out with this solution to illustrate the typical properties of an acid.

Explain, why (or give reasons for)
(i) In the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride, the gas can be obtained below 200°C or above. But the lower temperature is preferred.
(ii) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water.
(iii) Hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated above 22.2% by boiling.
(iv) HCl gas does not conduct electricity, but hydrochloric acid conducts electricity.
(v) Only a very dilute solution of hydrogen chloride in water can be concentrated by boiling the solution while a very concentrated solution would become less concentrated when boiled.
(vi) When the stopper of a bottle full of HCl gas is opened there are fumes in the air.
(vii) A solution of HCl gas in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while HCl gas dissolves in toluene and it has no effect on litmus and does not conduct electricity.
(viii) An aqueous solution of chlorine is acidic in nature.

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