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Question

(i) How will you distinguish between dilute H2SO4 and conc H2SO4?
(ii) How will you distinguish between conc. HCl and conc. H2SO4?
(iii) Give main differences between drying agent and dehydrating agent.

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Solution


(i) Test to distinguish between dilute and concentrated sulphuric acid:
Reaction with Copper:
Copper on heating with concentrated H2SO4 liberate sulphur dioxide gas gas with the formation of copper sulphate and water while addition of copper to dilute H2SO4 show no reaction.

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2
concentrated
sulphuric acid

Cu + dilute H2SO4 → No reaction


(ii) Test to distinguish between concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid:
Reaction with silver nitrate solution:
Silver nitrate solution form white precipitate of silver chloride on reaction with concentrated HCl while it shows no reaction with concentrated H2SO4.

AgNO3 + conc.HCl → AgCl ↓ + HNO3
Silver Nitrate White ppt.

AgNO3 + conc. H2SO4 → No reaction


(iii) Distinction between drying agent and dehydrating agent:
Drying agent Dehydrating agent
It removes the peripheral water present in substances. It removes water molecules from the chemical composition of a substance.
It causes physical changes in substances. It causes a chemical change in substances.
It does not alter the chemical composition of the substance. It changes the chemical composition of the substance.

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