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Introduction to Imperfections in Solids

i Write the t...

Question

(i) Write the type of magnetism observed when the magnetic moment are oppositely aligned and cancel out each other?
(ii) Which stoichiometric defect does not change the density of the crystal?

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Solution

(i) Anti-ferromagnetism is observed when the magnetic moments are oppositely aligned and cancel out each other.
(ii) The Frenkel defect does not change the density of the crystal.

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Q. (i) Write the type of magnetism observed when the magnetic moments are oppositely aligned and cancel out each other.

(ii) Which stoichiometric defect does not change the density of the crystal?

Q. (i) Write the type of magnetism observed when the magnetic moment are aligned in parallel and anti-parallel directions in unequal numbers?
(ii) Which stoichiometric defect decreases the density of the crystal?

Q. (i) Write the type of magnetism observed when the magnetic moments are aligned in parallel and anti-parallel directions in unequal numbers.

(ii) Which stoichiometric defect decreases the density of the crystal ?

Q. Examine the given defective crystal.

\begin{matrix} X^{+} & Y^{-} & X^{+} & Y^{-} & X^{+} Y^{-} & O & Y^{-} & X^{+} & Y^{-} X^{+} & Y^{-} & X^{+} & O & X^{+} Y^{-} & X^{+} & Y^{-} & X^{+} & Y^{-} \end{matrix}

Answer the following questions :

(i) Is the above defect stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric?
(ii) Write the term used for this type of defect. Give an example of the compound which shows this type of defect?
(iii) How does this defect affect the density of the crystal?

Q. Examine the defective crystal given below and answer the question that follows:

$A^{+}$	$B^{-}$	$A^{+}$	$B^{-}$	$A^{+}$
$B^{-}$		$B^{-}$	$A^{+}$	$B^{-}$
$A^{+}$	$B^{-}$	$A^{+}$		$A^{+}$
$B^{-}$	$A^{+}$	$B^{-}$	$A^{+}$	$B^{-}$

State if the above defect is stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric. How does this defect affect the density of the crystal? Also, write the term used for this type of defect.

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