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Question

Identify the correct order of boiling points of the following compounds:
1. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
2. CH3CH2CH2CHO
3. CH3CH2CH2COOH

A
1>2>3
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B
3>1>2
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C
1>3>2
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D
3>2>1
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Solution

The correct option is B 3>1>2
The boiling point of organic compounds depends on two factors:
i) Molecular weight: boiling point increases with increase in molecular weight.
ii) Intermolecular forces: higher the strengh of intermolecular forces, higher is the boiling point.

Butanoic acid forms extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding than butanol. Carboxylic acids have the ability of forming a dimer by hydrogen bonding that leads to a stable arrangement. Hence, they have higher boiling points.
Butanal has a lower boiling point than the two due to comparitively weaker dipole-dipole interactions.

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