Identify the molecule in which carbon atom is $sp$ hybridised.

Methane

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Ethane

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Ethyne

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Ethene

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Solution

The correct option is C Ethyne
$∙$ $sp$ hybridisation is observed when one s and one p orbitals intermix to form two sp hybrid orbitals. The newly formed orbitals have identical energy and shape.

$∙$ An acetylene molecule $(CH \equiv CH)$ contains two sp hybridised carbon atoms with a triple bond between them.

The given table shows the molecular formula and hybridisation of carbon atom present in the compound.
$\begin{matrix} C o m p o u n d & M o l e c u l a r F o r m u l a & H y b r i d i s a t i o n o f C a t o m E t h a n e & C H_{3} - C H_{3} & s p^{3} E t h y n e & C H \equiv C H & s p E t h e n e & C H_{2} = C H_{2} & s p^{2} M e t h a n e & C H_{4} & s p^{3} \end{matrix}$ Hence, each carbon atom undergoes $sp$ hybridisation in the formation of ethyne molecule.

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