Identify the reagents underlined in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles:
$C H_{3} C O O H + O H^{-} - ---- - \to C H_{3} C O O^{-} + H_{2} O$

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Solution

Electrophiles are electron deficient species and can accept an electron pair from electron rich species. A nucleophile is electron rich species and donates electron pairs to electron deficient species. Hydroxide ion is a nucleophile.

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C H_{3} C O O H_{3} + C N^{-} - ---- - \to (C H_{3})_{2} C (C N) (O H)

C H_{3} C O O H + H O^{⊖} \to C H_{3} C O O^{⊖} + H_{2} O

C H_{3} C O C H_{3} + N C^{⊖} \to C H_{3} C (C N) O H C H_{3}

C_{6} H_{6} + C H_{3} ⊖ C O \to C_{6} H_{5} C O C H_{3}

C_{6} H_{6} + C H_{3} C^{+} O \to C_{6} H_{5} C O C H_{3}

C H_{3} C O O H + O H^{-} ⇋ C H_{3} C O O^{-} + H_{2} O + q_{1}

H^{+} + O H^{-} ⇋ H_{2} O + q_{2}

C H_{3} C O O H ⇋ C H_{3} C O O^{-} + H^{+}

C H_{3} C O O H + O H^{-} \to C H_{3} C O O^{-} + H_{2} O + q_{1}

H^{+} + O H^{-} \to H_{2} O + q_{2}

C H_{3} C O O H \to C H_{3} C O O^{-} + H^{+}

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