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Question
In vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA was carried out by
In vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA was carried out by
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Solution
The correct option is D Miller
Stanley Miller, a graduate student in biochemistry, built the apparatus shown here. He filled it with water (H2O), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) but no oxygen. He hypothesized that this mixture resembled the atmosphere of the early earth. (Some are not so sure.) The mixture was kept circulating by continuously boiling and then condensing the water. The gases passed through a chamber containing two electrodes with a spark passing between them. At the end of a week, Miller used paper chromatography to show that the flask now contained several amino acids as well as some other organic molecules. So, In vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA was carried out by Miller. Thus, option D is correct.
In the early decades of the 20th century, Aleksandr Oparin (in 1924), and John Haldane (in 1929, before Oparin's first book was translated into English), independently suggested that if the primitive atmosphere was reducing (as opposed to oxygen-rich), and if there was an appropriate supply of energy, such as lightning or ultraviolet light, then a wide range of organic compounds might be synthesized. Oparin suggested that the organic compounds could have undergone a series of reactions leading to more and more complex molecules. He proposed that the molecules formed colloid aggregates, or 'coacervates', in an aqueous environment. The coacervates were able to absorb and assimilate organic compounds from the environment in a way reminiscent of metabolism. They would have taken part in evolutionary processes, eventually leading to the first lifeforms. Haldane's ideas about the origin of life were very similar to Oparin's. Haldane proposed that the primordial sea served as a vast chemical laboratory powered by solar energy. But in vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA was not carried out by Oparin and Haldane. Thus, option A and B are wrong.
Sidney Fox (1950s) showed that splashing amino acids under hot, dry conditions caused them to instantly polymerize into proteins. Other experiments utilizing cyanide, clays and heat were successful at triggering polymerization of amino acids into proteins. His experiment is not related to in vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA. Thus, option C is wrong.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Stanley Miller, a graduate student in biochemistry, built the apparatus shown here. He filled it with water (H2O), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) but no oxygen. He hypothesized that this mixture resembled the atmosphere of the early earth. (Some are not so sure.) The mixture was kept circulating by continuously boiling and then condensing the water. The gases passed through a chamber containing two electrodes with a spark passing between them. At the end of a week, Miller used paper chromatography to show that the flask now contained several amino acids as well as some other organic molecules. So, In vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA was carried out by Miller. Thus, option D is correct.
In the early decades of the 20th century, Aleksandr Oparin (in 1924), and John Haldane (in 1929, before Oparin's first book was translated into English), independently suggested that if the primitive atmosphere was reducing (as opposed to oxygen-rich), and if there was an appropriate supply of energy, such as lightning or ultraviolet light, then a wide range of organic compounds might be synthesized. Oparin suggested that the organic compounds could have undergone a series of reactions leading to more and more complex molecules. He proposed that the molecules formed colloid aggregates, or 'coacervates', in an aqueous environment. The coacervates were able to absorb and assimilate organic compounds from the environment in a way reminiscent of metabolism. They would have taken part in evolutionary processes, eventually leading to the first lifeforms. Haldane's ideas about the origin of life were very similar to Oparin's. Haldane proposed that the primordial sea served as a vast chemical laboratory powered by solar energy. But in vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA was not carried out by Oparin and Haldane. Thus, option A and B are wrong.
Sidney Fox (1950s) showed that splashing amino acids under hot, dry conditions caused them to instantly polymerize into proteins. Other experiments utilizing cyanide, clays and heat were successful at triggering polymerization of amino acids into proteins. His experiment is not related to in vitro synthesis of polypeptides, in the absence of RNA. Thus, option C is wrong.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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