The correct option is A Cladistics
Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are grouped together based on whether or not they have one or more shared unique characteristics that come from the group's last common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors. Therefore, members of the same group are thought to share a common history and are considered to be more closely related.
Cladistics was invented by the German entomologist Hennig in the 1950s, but the basic methods of Cladistics were devised in the 19th century by philologists.
Cladistics is now the most commonly used methods to classify organisms because it recognises and employs evolutionary theory. The most important feature of cladistic is its use in testing long-standing hypothesis about adaptation.