Isotherms of carbon dioxide at various temperatures are represented in figure. Answer the following based on this figure.

(i) In which state will $C O_{2}$ exist between the points a and b at temperature $T_{1}$ ?

(ii) At what point will $C O_{2}$ start liquefying when temperature is $T_{1}$ ?

(iii) At what point will $C O_{2}$ be completely liquefied when temperature is (T_2\)

(iv) Will condensation take place when the temperature is $T_{3}$ ?

(v) What portion of the isotherm at $T_{1}$ represent liquid and gaseous $C O_{2}$ at equilibrium?

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Solution

(i) In gaseous state, $C O_{2}$ will exist between the points a and b at temperature $T_{1}$ .

(ii) At point b, the plot becomes linear, this shows the phase transition, i.e., liquification of $C O_{2}$ starts and at point c, it gets completely liquified.

(iii) Similarly at temperature $T_{2}$ , g is the point at which $C O_{2}$ will be completely liquified.

(iv) Condensation will not take place at $T_{3}$ temperature because $T_{3} > T_{c}$ (critical temperature).

(v) Between b and c , liquid and gaseous $C O_{2}$ are in equilibrium.

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